Black History in Spokane: A Legacy of Resilience, Activism, and Progress
Spokane, Washington, may not be widely recognized as a major center for Black history, but the contributions of Black residents to the city’s cultural, political, and economic landscape are undeniable. From the early pioneers who built businesses and community institutions to the civil rights leaders who challenged discrimination, Spokane’s Black history is a testament to resilience, determination, and progress.
Today, organizations like the Carl Maxey Center work to honor this legacy by fostering social justice, equity, and community empowerment. As we reflect on Black history in Spokane, we recognize the struggles, achievements, and ongoing efforts to build a more just and inclusive society.
Early Black Pioneers in Spokane
The presence of Black residents in Spokane dates back to the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Many arrived seeking economic opportunities in the booming railroad, mining, and service industries. Others were drawn to the region by promises of land ownership and economic stability, though they often faced discrimination and systemic barriers to success.
One of Spokane’s earliest Black entrepreneurs was John W. Williams, a barber who established his shop in the city in the late 1800s. At the time, Black-owned businesses were rare, and Williams’ shop quickly became more than just a place for haircuts—it was a gathering space where Spokane’s small but growing Black community could connect and organize.
During this period, Black residents faced segregation in housing, employment, and public accommodations. Restrictive covenants in real estate contracts often barred Black families from purchasing homes in certain neighborhoods, a practice that contributed to long-term racial disparities in wealth and homeownership.
Despite these barriers, Black Spokane residents built strong community networks and support systems. Churches played a crucial role in offering spiritual guidance, education, and activism. Institutions such as Calvary Baptist Church, founded in 1890, provided not only religious services but also a hub for civil rights advocacy in the decades to come.
The Civil Rights Movement in Spokane
The mid-20th century saw a surge in activism as Spokane’s Black community fought for equal rights and an end to systemic discrimination. Organizations such as the NAACP and the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) played crucial roles in challenging racism in housing, employment, and education.
One of the most influential figures in Spokane’s civil rights movement was Carl Maxey, a trailblazing attorney who became Eastern Washington’s first Black lawyer. A former orphan and Gonzaga University graduate, Maxey dedicated his career to fighting racial injustice. He took on cases that exposed racial discrimination in hiring, housing, and education, making him a powerful voice for change.
Maxey’s impact extended beyond Spokane. In 1968, he ran for the U.S. Senate, becoming the first Black candidate in Washington State to do so. Though he did not win, his campaign challenged the political status quo and inspired others to demand greater representation and equity.
The 1960s and 1970s also saw Black students and educators pushing for greater inclusion in Spokane’s schools. Efforts to desegregate Spokane’s education system were met with resistance, but Black leaders continued to advocate for better opportunities and resources for students of color.
The Black Community in Spokane Today
Today, Spokane’s Black community continues to grow, innovate, and lead efforts for social justice and economic empowerment. The presence of Black-owned businesses, artists, educators, and activists is stronger than ever, helping to shape a more inclusive city.
One of the most important institutions serving the Black community today is the Carl Maxey Center. Named in honor of the civil rights leader, the center is dedicated to promoting racial and social justice, empowering Black entrepreneurs, and providing educational opportunities. The Sandy Williams Justice Center, housed within the Carl Maxey Center, continues the legacy of legal advocacy by providing resources for individuals navigating the legal system.
The Carl Maxey Center | 3114 E 5th Ave, Spokane, WA
Annual events such as Spokane’s Juneteenth Celebration, Black History Month programs, and Black Business Expos help highlight the contributions and cultural heritage of Black residents. These gatherings serve not only as celebrations but also as reminders of the work that remains in achieving true equity.
Sandy Williams Annual Black Business Expo offers free registration to local Black-owned businesses in Spokane.
Efforts to address systemic disparities in housing, education, and healthcare continue. Advocacy groups and community leaders are working to combat gentrification, increase Black homeownership, and ensure that schools provide culturally inclusive curricula.
Honoring the Legacy and Looking Forward
Black history in Spokane is a story of perseverance, activism, and community strength. From the early pioneers who built businesses and churches to the civil rights leaders who demanded justice, Black Spokane residents have left an indelible mark on the city’s history.
At the Carl Maxey Center, we are committed to honoring this legacy and building a future where Black voices are uplifted, opportunities are expanded, and the contributions of Black Spokane residents are recognized and celebrated.
📢 Get Involved!
Support local Black-led initiatives, volunteer at the Carl Maxey Center, or attend upcoming community events. Visit CarlMaxeyCenter.org to learn more about how you can be part of this movement for justice and equity.
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